test: Assert presence of profile chunks after session shutdown

[alexander-alderman-webb]

Description

Follows on from #6174 as other tests started flaking due to the same cause. The race is that assertions run before profiles reach the transport on the thread.

For example, in https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-python/actions/runs/25435862082/job/74613765358?pr=6193, the traceback is

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
______________ test_continuous_profiler_run_does_not_null_buffer _______________
tests/profiler/test_continuous_profiler.py:666: in test_continuous_profiler_run_does_not_null_buffer
    assert_single_transaction_with_profile_chunks(envelopes, thread)
tests/profiler/test_continuous_profiler.py:147: in assert_single_transaction_with_profile_chunks
    assert len(items["profile_chunk"]) > 0
E   assert 0 > 0
E    +  where 0 = len([])

Issues

Reminders

• Please add tests to validate your changes, and lint your code using tox -e linters.
• Add GH Issue ID & Linear ID (if applicable)
• PR title should use conventional commit style (feat:, fix:, ref:, meta:)
• For external contributors: CONTRIBUTING.md, Sentry SDK development docs, Discord community

[github-actions]

Codecov Results 📊

✅ 13 passed | Total: 13 | Pass Rate: 100% | Execution Time: 7.71s

All tests are passing successfully.

✅ Patch coverage is 100.00%. Project has 15003 uncovered lines.

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